The landscape of financial aid has transformed dramatically since the major FAFSA overhaul of 2024. Today’s streamlined process offers unprecedented accessibility, but understanding the nuances remains crucial for securing educational funding. This comprehensive guide reflects the latest changes and strategies for navigating financial aid in 2025, particularly for students pursuing advanced degrees like a master’s degree in nursing education online.
The New FAFSA: Understanding the 2025 Changes
The simplified FAFSA introduced in late 2024 has revolutionized financial aid access with just 36 questions, compared to the previous 108. The Student Aid Index (SAI) now replaces the traditional Expected Family Contribution, offering a more nuanced view of financial need. Families earning up to $90,000 annually can now qualify for Pell Grants, marking a significant expansion in aid accessibility.
The direct data-sharing agreement with the IRS has eliminated the need for manual tax information entry, reducing errors by 71%. Multiple students from the same family can now easily link their applications, streamlining the process for siblings in college simultaneously. Contribution calculations now factor in household size more favorably, particularly benefiting single-parent homes and families with multiple dependents. The removal of drug conviction and Selective Service registration questions has further simplified the process, making aid more accessible to a broader range of students.
Digital Integration and Accessibility
The 2025 myStudentAid mobile app represents a quantum leap in financial aid technology. Students can now complete their entire FAFSA through biometric-secured smartphone access, with artificial intelligence-powered assistance available in 12 languages. The platform’s integration with major financial institutions enables real-time verification of assets and income, reducing processing time from weeks to days.
Virtual document upload capabilities allow instant submission of additional requirements, while blockchain verification ensures data security. The app’s dashboard tracks application status, aid offers and deadline reminders in real-time. For those pursuing a masters degree in nursing education online, the platform now features specialized guidance for healthcare profession funding sources. Smart notifications alert students to state-specific deadlines and program-specific opportunities.
The system’s predictive analytics can estimate aid packages based on historical data, helping students make informed decisions about their educational investments. Integration with student portals at major universities streamlines the entire process from application to disbursement.
Funding Strategies for 2025
Today’s financial aid landscape demands a multi-channel approach to funding. Beyond traditional federal aid, students should leverage emerging opportunities like micro-scholarships, corporate partnerships and crowdfunding platforms. The average graduate student now combines 4.3 different funding sources to finance their education. Income-share agreements have gained popularity, particularly in healthcare fields, offering deferred tuition in exchange for a percentage of future earnings.
Cryptocurrency scholarship funds have emerged as a novel funding source, with major exchanges offering educational grants. State-specific programs have expanded significantly, with 37 states now offering specialized healthcare education incentives. Work-study opportunities have evolved to include remote positions, allowing online students to participate fully.
Emergency aid funds, established post-pandemic, remain available for unexpected financial challenges. Strategic timing of aid applications can maximize award potential, with early filers receiving on average 27% more aid than late applicants.
Online Education Financial Planning
Distance learning has revolutionized educational cost structures in 2025. Students pursuing a masters degree in nursing education online typically save 35% compared to traditional programs through eliminated housing and commuting expenses. Virtual simulation technologies have replaced costly in-person labs, reducing additional fees by an average of $3,200 per year.
Many online programs now offer subscription-based tuition models, allowing students to complete more credits within a fixed-price term. Technology grants, specifically for online learners, cover essential equipment and high-speed internet costs. Hybrid programs strategically schedule in-person components to minimize travel expenses while maintaining hands-on experience quality.
Employer partnerships with online institutions have expanded, with 68% of major healthcare systems now offering tuition benefits for virtual learning. Time-to-completion flexibility enables students to pace their studies according to financial capacity, potentially reducing loan dependency. Digital textbook inclusion in tuition packages eliminates additional material costs, saving an average of $1,800 annually.
Case Studies in Success
Recent graduate Maria Rodriguez combined multiple funding streams to complete her masters degree in nursing education online debt-free. By leveraging her hospital’s tuition reimbursement program ($5,500 annually), securing three micro-scholarships ($2,000 each) and participating in a research assistantship, she covered 85% of her expenses.
James Chen, another successful graduate, utilized the new income-share agreement option, paying just 2% of his salary for four years post-graduation. Sarah Williams maximized state-specific healthcare education grants, combining them with federal aid and a virtual work-study position in telehealth education.
Each case demonstrates the importance of diversifying funding sources and strategically timing applications. Their success stories highlight the effectiveness of combining traditional aid with emerging funding opportunities while maintaining full-time employment through online program flexibility.
Maximizing Aid Opportunities
Strategic aid maximization in 2025 requires understanding the new SAI calculations and timing applications optimally. The February priority deadline now yields significantly higher awards, with early applicants receiving an average of $4,300 more in institutional aid. Professional judgment reviews have expanded to consider post-pandemic economic factors and remote work transitions.
Students should leverage the new FAFSA preview tool to estimate aid eligibility before submitting applications. Merit-based scholarships specifically for online programs have increased by 43% since 2024, with healthcare education receiving priority funding. The simplified appeal process now allows digital submission of supporting documentation through the myStudentAid portal.
Aid stacking strategies must consider the new federal guidelines that allow simultaneous use of multiple education benefits. Understanding program-specific cost structures helps identify additional funding needs early in the planning process.
Special Considerations for Healthcare Education
Healthcare education funding has evolved significantly with the Healthcare Education Investment Act of 2024. Nursing education students now qualify for expanded loan forgiveness programs, particularly those pursuing teaching credentials. The National Health Service Corps offers increased scholarship support for future nurse educators, covering up to 100% of tuition for committed teaching service.
State-level initiatives provide matching grants for online healthcare education programs, with additional incentives for rural area commitments. Professional associations have developed specialized funding streams for masters degree in nursing education online programs, recognizing the growing demand for qualified instructors. Simulation technology grants offset virtual learning expenses, while clinical partnership programs provide paid teaching opportunities during study periods.
Future Outlook and Planning
Projections for 2026 indicate continued expansion of financial aid opportunities for online education. Artificial intelligence integration will further streamline application processes, while blockchain verification will enable instant aid disbursement.
New federal initiatives focusing on healthcare education workforce development promise additional funding streams. Institutional aid programs are trending toward hybrid models that combine merit and need-based criteria. The growth of employer-sponsored education benefits shows no signs of slowing, with healthcare systems leading investment in staff development.
Cryptocurrency-based scholarships are expected to double, while income-share agreements will likely become standardized across institutions. Students planning for future enrollment should monitor these trends while maintaining flexibility in their funding strategies. The evolution of online education continues to create new opportunities for cost-effective degree completion, particularly in high-demand fields like nursing education.
Technology and Resource Management
Financial management platforms specifically designed for graduate students have transformed how education expenses are tracked and optimized. The EduFinance AI assistant, launched in 2024, helps students forecast educational costs while suggesting personalized funding opportunities.
Students pursuing a masters degree in nursing education online benefit from integrated expense tracking that categorizes technology purchases, subscription fees and digital material costs. Cloud-based financial planning tools now sync with institutional billing systems, providing real-time updates on tuition balances and payment deadlines. Smart budgeting applications factor in program-specific costs while suggesting timing for aid applications and scholarship submissions.
Digital receipt management systems help track education-related expenses for tax purposes, particularly important for online students claiming home office deductions. Virtual financial counseling services, available 24/7 through secure platforms, provide personalized guidance on aid optimization. These technological solutions have reduced financial planning stress while improving aid utilization rates by 28% among online graduate students.
Alternative Funding Sources
The democratization of education funding has introduced innovative financing options beyond traditional aid. Specialized healthcare education crowdfunding platforms have emerged, with success rates averaging 73% for nursing education campaigns.
Professional development cryptocurrencies, backed by major healthcare systems, offer token-based tuition funding with future employment commitments. Private grants from healthcare technology companies support students integrating digital health education into their studies. Peer-to-peer lending platforms specifically for healthcare education feature lower interest rates and flexible repayment terms.
Alumni-funded micro-grant programs provide quick access to emergency funding, particularly beneficial for online students facing technology upgrades. Corporate sponsorship programs have expanded to include partial tuition coverage in exchange for project-based work during study periods. These alternative sources typically require strategic timing and compelling applications, but they’ve become increasingly viable funding options for motivated students.
International Student Considerations
The global expansion of online education has created unique funding opportunities for international students. Virtual learning platforms now accept international credentials for aid eligibility verification through blockchain authentication. Cross-border payment systems have reduced transfer fees by 65%, making tuition payments more affordable for international students. Global healthcare organizations offer specialized fellowships for international nursing educators, particularly those committed to developing regions.
The International Education Finance Corporation provides loans specifically for healthcare education without requiring U.S. cosigners. Multi-currency payment plans allow international students to manage exchange rate fluctuations effectively. Virtual orientation programs help international students navigate U.S. financial systems and aid applications. Partnership agreements between international healthcare systems and U.S. institutions often include funding provisions for staff development through online education programs.
Emerging Success Stories: New Pathways to Funding
Recent graduate Michael Patel leveraged emerging technologies to secure comprehensive funding. Through blockchain-verified credentials, he accessed international healthcare grants totaling $12,000.
Emily Foster, a rural healthcare worker, combined state-specific incentives with employer matching programs to fully fund her masters degree in nursing education online. Her strategic use of geographical-based scholarships resulted in an additional $8,500 in funding. Robert Thompson’s success story highlights the effectiveness of corporate partnerships; his hospital’s innovation department-sponsored his education in exchange for developing digital training protocols.
These cases demonstrate the evolving nature of education financing, particularly in healthcare fields. The common thread among successful students remains proactive research, early application submission and creative combination of funding sources. Their experiences also highlight the importance of maintaining professional networks and leveraging institutional connections throughout the funding process.
State-level support for healthcare education has reached unprecedented levels in 2025, with diverse programs available across different regions. California leads with its Digital Health Educator Initiative, offering up to $25,000 in grants for students pursuing a masters degree in nursing education online who commit to teaching within the state’s virtual healthcare programs. Texas and Florida have implemented matching grant programs where state funds double employer contributions toward nursing education.
The Midwest Healthcare Education Coalition, spanning seven states, provides reciprocal benefits allowing students to access cross-state teaching opportunities while studying. Rural state initiatives in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming offer full tuition coverage for online nursing education students who commit to developing telehealth programs in underserved areas. New York’s Healthcare Education Innovation Fund provides technology stipends specifically for online learning, while Massachusetts offers tax credits for healthcare professionals advancing their teaching credentials.
Understanding these state-specific opportunities has become crucial, as 43 states now maintain dedicated portals for healthcare education funding. Students should research residency requirements, service commitments and application deadlines specific to their state while considering reciprocity agreements that might expand their options.
Innovation on the Horizon: 2025 and Beyond
Looking ahead to 2025 and beyond, several emerging trends will likely reshape education financing. Artificial intelligence-driven scholarship matching is expected to achieve 90% accuracy in connecting students with relevant opportunities. Quantum computing applications will revolutionize financial aid processing, reducing verification times to minutes.
Healthcare systems are developing token-based education benefits that can be traded or accumulated for advanced degrees. Virtual reality nursing education platforms may qualify for specialized technology grants, reducing overall program costs. The integration of professional development metrics with funding opportunities will create more performance-based aid options. Experts predict increased collaboration between online education providers and healthcare employers, resulting in more direct funding pathways.
Students planning for future enrollment should consider establishing digital portfolios demonstrating their commitment to healthcare education, as these may influence funding decisions. The trend toward personalized aid packages based on career goals and service commitments continues to grow, particularly in nursing education.
When you start looking into all the different types of financial aid, your confusion level may feel like it’s flying off the charts. Among the different types of financial aid, including loans, grants, scholarships and work-study (the main types), merit aid is another type of financial aid.
What is merit aid?
Merit-based aid is a type of financial aid that colleges and universities offer to students. It is not need-based, meaning that it doesn’t consider the financial need of students or families. Students can also receive merit-based aid (also called merit scholarships or merit awards) for anything else other than need-based aid.
They are one of the best ways to pay for college because it’s money your child doesn’t have to pay back. Let’s unpack that further in this article so you know what merit-based aid is and how your student can receive it.
How Does Merit-Based Aid Work?
Now that we’ve answered the question, “What is merit based aid?” — let’s talk about how it works.
You may have heard that most students won’t have to pay sticker price for their institution, and it’s true — many schools might knock off $30,000 from the sticker price, and tuition discounts have increased in recent years.
If your child must meet certain requirements (such as certain grades, extracurriculars, and test scores—though test scores aren’t as considered as in the past), they may be able to qualify for a merit-based scholarship.
The merit-based aid may be automatic, meaning that your child might receive it without having to do anything else except apply through the regular application process. You also might have to apply using a separate application.
Once your child applies, the scholarship or admission committee will determine who should receive the scholarship based on all requirements. Merit-based aid might be renewable every year, but it depends on the scholarship.
For example, a college might offer cumulative scholarships based on grade point averages, like this:
Cumulative GPA
Scholarship Amount
4.0 and above
$8,000
3.85–3.999
$7,000
3.4–3.849
$6,000
2.9–3.399
$5,000
2.89 and below
$4,000
The college or university will then subtract the merit-based scholarship from the full cost of attendance, plus other aid, to arrive at a total cost for your student.
Types of Merit-Based Aid
What is merit based financial aid in terms of the different types available?
Merit-based scholarships are divided into five types: automatic, semi-automatic, competitive, national merit/recognition and talent-based, each with different criteria, ranging from academic performance to specific talents, such as:
Academic scholarships: Academic scholarships might be based on grade point average and standardized test scores. Many colleges and universities offer academic scholarships to their best and brightest applicants. For example, a school might offer a merit-based academic scholarship to students with a 3.5 grade point average and above for its highest-tier academic scholarship, and a little lower academic scholarship to those below a 3.5.
Athletic scholarships: Believe it or not, athletic scholarships are merit-based because they aren’t based on need. If your child is the top-ranked basketball player in the country, it’s likely that they’ll get offered some sort of athletic scholarship. Some athletic scholarships aren’t full scholarships — they are often partial scholarships.
Music/art scholarships: If your child has a talent in music or art, they may qualify for a music or art-based scholarship at many colleges and universities. When I worked at the college, we had music- and art-based scholarships for students to apply and audition for.
Major scholarships: Some schools offer scholarships based on the major your child would like to pursue. For example, they may offer business scholarships for students interested in majoring in business.
Leadership scholarships: If your child shows high evidence of leadership skills, they may be able to apply for leadership scholarships as well.
These aren’t the only types of merit-based aid your child may qualify for. Your best bet is to scour each school’s website to look into each opportunity.
Colleges offer the bulk of merit scholarships, and they’re often based on GPA or test scores. State programs, like Georgia’s HOPE or Florida’s Bright Futures, provide scholarships using lottery funds. Private organizations such as companies or local clubs offer additional awards.
Who Can Qualify for Merit-Based Aid?
Anyone who qualifies for the scholarship qualifications can qualify for merit-based aid. It’s important to read through the requirements for each scholarship to determine whether your child will meet them.
Common qualifications may include:
Strong GPA or demonstrated academic improvement
Leadership experience
Community service involvement
Exceptional talent in athletics, arts or music
Strong letters of recommendation
Rigorous coursework (AP, IB, Honors classes)
Personal essays or statements showcasing goals and achievements
National or local recognition in competitions or achievements
Participation in student government or school clubs
Awards and honors from academic or extracurricular activities
Also check into how your child will need to maintain eligibility (such as keeping up a certain GPA or completing coursework). In most cases, merit scholarships are renewable at colleges — your child may be able to receive the scholarship every year for four years.
How to Get Merit-Based Aid
Now, how should your child take steps to receive merit-based aid? Let’s take a look.
Step 1: Research.
Do as much research as you possibly can. Look into various colleges’ scholarships and other aid from various sources. Check into the specific requirements for each scholarship to ensure your child will qualify, including the documents needed (such as transcripts and recommendation letters).
The best way to get merit aid is to put strong merit aid schools on your child’s list early on in the admission process. It’s painful for both parent and student to realize that even though you’ve been accepted, you can’t afford to go.
Consider prioritizing financially fit schools over name-brand colleges. Dream schools can quickly turn into financial nightmares. Make sure your shortlist is populated with generous merit aid colleges, especially if you need funds for more than just out-of-pocket expenses.
Step 2: Apply.
It’s important to note that in some cases, colleges and universities will consider your student for merit-based aid automatically. However, some will have separate applications, with their own deadlines and requirements (essays, letters of recommendation, interviews), particularly if your child applies for large awards, such as full-tuition merit-based scholarships.
Next, ensure your child follows all the directions to qualify for the award. For example, if the merit-based award requires a 500-word essay to qualify, ensure your child submits a 500-word essay, not a 700-word essay or a 400-word essay. You want to follow the directions exactly. If your child is a couple of years away from applying for merit-based aid as a senior, consider encouraging their academic performance or increasing their extracurricular involvement.
Step 3: Fill out the FAFSA.
Filling out the FAFSA is a must. Many schools need a completed FAFSA to get full consideration for merit aid. Remember, merit aid can be awarded on top of need-based financial aid.
Your merit aid award will likely be included in your admission letter. If you’re accepted to multiple schools, compare your offers and don’t hesitate to call your top choice if the merit aid offer is lower than merit aid offers you received from other schools.
Benefits of Merit-Based Aid
The biggest benefit of merit-based aid is obviously that your child receives helpful scholarships that help them attend college. However, they can also give your child a way to recognize their hard work and talents, no matter your financial situation. In other words, your child can receive scholarships for more than just need-based scholarships and other aid.
Challenges and Considerations
The downsides to applying for merit-based aid is that it is highly competitive, some require renewal conditions (like maintaining a specific GPA) and limited availability. Not all institutions or entities offer merit-based aid. Learn as much as you can about the requirements before your child opts for merit-based scholarships.
Merit-Based Aid vs. Other Types of Aid
The biggest comparison factor between merit-based aid is need-based aid. Need-based aid is aid that students receive based on financial need. For example, you can receive work-study, grants, or student loans, such as Parent PLUS loans. Grants and loans may or may not be need-based.
Work-study: You must file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to qualify for work-study, which students will receive if they show need. Students usually work on campus and receive a paycheck, which they then can put toward their tuition or use as spending money.
Grants: Grants, which are often need-based, may come from your state or may be nationally affiliated. In many cases, your child will need to file the FAFSA to receive them. You usually do not have to repay grants (unless you fail to fulfill the grant requirements).
Loans: Some loans are need-based, while others are not. Direct Unsubsidized loans are non-need-based federal loans, while Direct Subsidized loans are need-based. Private loans are not need-based loans. Learn the difference between private vs. federal loans.
You can talk to your child about combining merit-based and need-based aid to optimally fit all your financial aid puzzle pieces together. For example, you might suggest that your child take on a mix of merit aid, work-study, and grants to put together a debt-free degree.
How Merit-Based Aid Impacts College Decision-Making
Merit-based financial aid allows students to pursue higher education with financial support. Therefore, whatever a college or university offers, your child will likely take — gladly — right? Let’s give an example.
Let’s say you have a school with a $40,000 cost, and the school offers a $10,000 per year scholarship. That leaves you with $30,000 to cover for the first year, a smaller bite than the original cost. A cost of $30,000 with a 10-month payment plan would cost $3,000 — an even more manageable bite overall. While still an investment, this is often a more feasible payment structure for families compared to managing the full cost upfront.
Can you see how merit-based aid makes a huge difference in the cost of college? It can enable your child to pursue higher education at a manageable cost and reduce financial stress for families over the long term.
Merit-Based Aid Can Help You Afford College
Merit-based aid is one of the best ways to afford college. Some colleges will give your child thousands in scholarships. Evaluate all your child’s options, start your child’s search early, and stay organized.
Again, it’s so important to recognize that merit aid can take a HUGE CHUNK out of your yearly costs at a college or university. Take it seriously, because it can be so worthwhile and important to investigate for your child. (And don’t forget to explain the benefits of merit aid to your child.)
Still have unanswered questions related to “What is merit aid for college?” Take a look at our FAQs for more information about what is a merit aid.
Do all colleges offer merit-based financial aid?
No, not all colleges and universities offer merit-based aid, while some offer a lot of merit-based aid to students. Liberal arts colleges tend to offer a lot of merit-based aid, for example.
Merit aid can highly reduce the sticker price of colleges, so consider how you might use merit aid to your advantage while paying for college. College may cost more if colleges don’t offer merit-based aid.
What school gives the most merit aid?
Private colleges and universities typically offer the most merit aid, as do schools with high endowments. However, it’s up to you to do your research into the colleges that your child is interested in to learn about the merit aid opportunities at each institution you’re considering.
What is the difference between FAFSA and merit?
It may seem confusing to understand the difference between the FAFSA and merit. It’s important to understand that the FAFSA is a form, while merit aid is actual aid received. There is a difference between need-based aid your child gets from the FAFSA and merit-based aid. Merit-based aid is not based on need — it’s based on merit, or your student’s accomplishments, hard work and accomplishments.
What is a good GPA for merit scholarships?
Merit-based scholarships allow you to pursue a wide variety of GPAs for scholarships. However, the higher their GPA, the better your child’s chance for merit-based scholarships at colleges. For example, in the example in the table above, a 4.0 GPA and above allows students to receive $8,000, while a 3.85–3.999 allows students to receive $7,000 per year. Your child could miss out on an extra $4,000 with a 3.9 over the course of four years. Talk to your child about the benefits of maintaining a high GPA so your family can save money on college.
When your child compiles a college list, you’ll discover that the cost analysis sheet contains many line items. Besides tuition, room and board will almost always climb to the top of the expense list.
But what is the meaning of room and board? Put simply, it’s a fancy term for “food” and “shelter.”
In this article, we’ll look at room and board meaning, what these costs include, the differences between various types of colleges, and how to distinguish between types of room and board. We’ll also help you put together a plan to pay for it. Read on to learn how room and board costs factor into a college education so both you and your child know what to expect.
Understanding Room and Board in College
What does room and board mean, or more specifically, what does room and board mean in college?
“Room and board” means living accommodations and dining services. “Room” is defined as the physical area and “board” is food. These necessities help students achieve the basics — food and shelter, which is vital for learners’ comfort and an optimal learning environment.
Defining “Room” in Room and Board
Colleges provide many options for where students may live, including typical dormitory-style living and living in apartment-like structures. They all differ in terms of price and services offered.
Some common types of housing options include:
Dormitory rooms: The most usual choice of accommodation, rooms in the dormitories usually have a bed, a desk, and perhaps drawers or a closet. They may have several rooms grouped together with a bathroom or two or more bathrooms on every floor.
Suite-style rooms: Suite-style rooms are more private and may cost more. Suite-style rooms typically contain a small lobby and bathrooms located within each suite.
Apartment-style housing: Colleges may include apartment-style housing equipped with a kitchen, dining hall and private bathrooms. This option provides more freedom since students may cook if they want. This housing type may also cost more.
In dorms, students likely have the option to live in a single room (private occupancy) or multiple occupancy in a single room (two people). Many schools also have triple or quad rooms, which usually costs less. Most schools provide beds, desks, closet space and shelving for single rooms, double rooms, triple and quad rooms.
Defining “Board” in Room and Board
What does board mean in room and board?
The “board” part of room and board relates to meal services, or college campus meal plans. Meal plans offer a fixed number of meals in a week, typically in an all-you-can-eat format. These plans offer more choices and ensure that learners have plenty of options, including dietary-friendly options.
Most meal plans are designed to suit different student lifestyles and budgets. Common types include unlimited plans, which allow for unrestricted access to dining halls; block plans, which offer a set number of meals per semester (such as 75 meals or so), and weekly plans (which provide a specific number of meals per week (such as 14 meals).
Each meal at a dining hall usually requires a “meal swipe.” Some plans allow swipes to be used at on-campus retail locations for a set dollar amount (e.g., $7 for a sandwich and drink).
Some schools add in “dining dollars” or “flex bucks”: additional funds included with many meal plans or purchased separately. They work like a debit system for snacks, coffee or meals at campus cafes and convenience stores. Unlike swipes, dining dollars often roll over semester to semester (but may expire at the end of the academic year).
Some plans partner with off-campus restaurants, letting students use swipes or dining dollars at select locations. Delivery or take-out options may also be included, depending on the school. Many plans also include guest passes.
Students can choose from various eating locations, including:
Dining halls: Dining halls are typically the most common for individuals, usually associated with a buffet concept. Swipes can typically be used during designated meal times for buffet-style or pre-set menus.
Campus cafes and eateries: Other traditional meal plans may allow for credits at other eating establishments on campus such as coffee houses and snack bars to improve the range of foods available to students.
The number of choices ranges greatly depending on the size of the school: bigger schools typically have more varied cafeterias as well as more varied menus.
Why Room and Board Are Important Components of College Costs
Food and shelter offer students the ability to have their basic needs met, with the ability to focus on studying and co-curricular activities, especially for first-time college students who learn to navigate college and be close to classes, libraries and other studying resources.
More importantly, residing in dormitories is convenient as it encourages social life. The student housing policy lets students engage lifestyles, share properties, and make friends more freely as compared to off-campus residents. Room and board aid those aspects of college: academic and social/personal.
However, room and board fees are a little broader than just a room, plus three meals a day. They also include a line of other services and facilities:
Utilities (electricity, water, heating, air conditioning)
Wi-Fi and internet access
Shared or private bathrooms
Laundry facilities
On-site security and/or keycard access
Maintenance and repair services
Common areas (lounges, study rooms, recreational spaces)
Kitchen or kitchenette access
Mail and package delivery services
Campus meal plan options
Access to fitness centers or recreational facilities
Cable TV or streaming services (sometimes included)
Parking (may require additional payment)
Resident advisor (RA) support and programming
Maintenance and security
Average Costs of Room and Board in College
Because of this, room and board depends on the particular college a student attends, its geographic location, and the type of housing accommodation. Here are some averages based on national figures:
Public two-year in-district colleges: $9,610
Public four-year in-state colleges: $12,310
Public four-year out-of-state colleges: $12,310
Private nonprofit four-year institutions: $14,030
Most colleges and universities break down the cost on their website so it looks something like this:
College or University X
Tuition and Fees
$22,478
Room and Board
$10,010
Books
$1,200
TOTAL
$33,688
Concerning the cost ranges, facilities in high-priced cities may cost more in terms of housing, while apartment-based residence halls are even more costly than normal residence halls. Research the average costs at your child’s colleges of choice to learn more.
Factors Influencing Room and Board Costs
Several factors impact room and board costs:
College location: Typically, you’ll pay more for room and board in large cities. In most cases, you’ll pay more for room and board at a school in Los Angeles compared to Nebraska.
Housing type: Single rooms in dormitories and apartment-style living may cost more than double occupancy in residence halls.
Meal plan selection: Choosing a larger meal plan (more meals per week) will likely cost more than choosing a smaller meal plan (fewer meals per week), but it depends on the institution. Check to learn more about the costs.
Campus resources and facilities: While state-of-the-art campus resources and facilities, such as research labs or upgraded housing, can enhance the student experience, they often come with higher costs. Weigh the value of these amenities against your child’s needs and long-term goals. Discussing whether these features are truly beneficial or necessary can help ensure that tuition and fees align with your family’s budget and priorities.
Amenities: Some institutions offer high-end amenities, like state-of-the-art fitness centers (including yoga studios, climbing walls and virtual training rooms!) which may mean more costs passed onto your child.
Comparing Costs Between Public vs. Private Colleges
Tuition fees may vary by institution type, but so can room and board costs. In-state tuition may be cheaper in public colleges, while private colleges charge high fees for accommodation since they do not have government subsidies like their counterparts.
However, your child may prefer off-campus accommodation in their last two or last year of college, which may save money. However, off-campus cost implies paying for rent, utilities, internet, groceries and all other expenses.
At public institutions, room and board costs are typically more affordable, with standard dormitories and dining options. However, some campuses may offer luxury housing or upgraded meal plans, increasing costs.
At private institutions, room and board may cost more, reflecting high-end housing options like suite-style living or apartment-style accommodations. Dining plans may include gourmet or specialized menus, which can add to expenses, but not always. The variation largely depends on the location, level of amenities offered, and whether colleges use higher-quality services to attract students.
How Are Room and Board Charges Billed?
Students will receive a bill, which includes room and board, prior to the first semester. Most parents or students will see a breakdown of the fee structure, including the room type and meal plan of your choice.
Your child’s room and board will likely be embedded in your final costs. For example, the total cost for the semester may be $25,000, and within that amount, housing and food may cost $15,000.
Most institutions offer payment plan options, but billing cycles vary from college to college, so check into the final costs.
Tuition and fees alone still comprise a good chunk of college expenses, but you can do a few things to make it less expensive. Read on for more information about how to shrink room and board costs.
How to Pay for Room and Board
Parents and students have a few primary options for covering room and board expenses:
Direct payment: You can pay for room and board in full prior to each semester or term.
529 college savings plan: It’s time to tap into that college savings plan! College savings plans, such as 529 plans, are tax-advantaged accounts designed to help families save for education expenses. Contributions grow tax-free, and withdrawals are not taxed if used for qualified expenses like tuition, room and board, books, or supplies. Many states offer additional tax benefits for residents who invest in their state-sponsored plan.
Student employment: Many students choose to work at off-campus jobs during school, such as as a retail associate, food service worker, grocery store cashier or stocker, babysitter or nanny, tutor, delivery driver, administrative assistant or another job off campus to pay for school expenses like room and board.
Learn more about payment accommodations and other ways to pay for college through your child’s college bursar’s office.
Financial Aid Options to Help Cover Room and Board Costs
Financial aid may also cover room and board costs, and it can come in the following forms:
Scholarships: Scholarships are available for room and board, and the majority of them are awarded according to merit or need.
Federal and state grants: These awards are normally need-based awards and can usually be applied to the full costs of college.
Student loans: Students may also pay for room and board with the help of the Federal Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans for students. They may also apply for private loans as well, which require a cosigner and do not come with the same repayment options as federal student loans or Parent PLUS loans.
Work-study programs:Work-study programs enable learners to work at institutional jobs. (Note that you’re limited to the amount you’ll be able to earn through work-study, however.)
Check with the financial aid office at your child’s top-choice institutions to learn more about your options for paying for room and board, including student loans. Learn more about private vs. federal student loans for college.
Families can do things that would decrease the overall price of room and board. Here are some practical tips:
Choose a more modest meal plan: Most colleges let students alter their meal plans during the course of a semester, so a student may sign up for a minimum plan at the start, with the intent of switching to a maximum plan after a few weeks if they need a larger meal plan.
Consider resident advisor (RA) positions: A number of colleges provide resident assistants (RAs) with reduced room and board costs.
Explore off-campus housing options: Off-campus living usually costs less, especially when your child divides costs among several occupants.
In most states, average on-campus housing prices are less than the average rent paid by 18-to-24-year-olds, according to the Urban Institute.
Location also matters. Naturally, urban areas are more expensive to rent in than rural areas. In addition, it may be more expensive to live near a college campus instead of a neighborhood off the beaten path. Here are some common apartment rental fees your child is likely to pay, in addition to utilities like electricity, water, garbage, sewer, internet, cable and more:
Application fee
Security deposit
Pet fee
Administrative fees
If your child rents with several roommates, living off-campus may be more affordable, especially if your child splits these expenses with roommates. Buying food at the grocery store (while a big time drain) can also be a lot cheaper than paying for board, especially if you have a low-maintenance eater.
The only way to figure it all out is to round up some numbers. Call a few known apartment buildings in the area and find out how much it costs to rent them. Find out what utilities cost flush out a number that makes sense.
Planning for Room and Board: Budgeting for the Full College Experience
Don’t think of college as just the cost of tuition — it includes more than that. Accommodation and meals can cost more, so consider them in advance. Parents can prepare themselves by opening a college savings account, searching for scholarships, and walking through finances with your student.
Have these conversations to avoid making poor financial decisions about the costs of college (and teach budgeting skills!). Planning ahead can help you in the long run.
FAQs
What does room and board in college mean?
“Room and board,” or room and boarding meaning, is a fancy way to refer to food and housing at college and universities. Room and board costs at colleges and universities vary from school to school, so it’s important to dive into the exact costs so you get an idea of how much you’ll pay per institution. Contact the financial aid office at each school on your list so you’ll get an idea of the costs for the schools on your child’s list.
How much is room and board at most colleges?
It depends on the type of school. Public two-year in-district colleges typically cost $9,610, public four-year in-state colleges cost $12,310, public four-year out-of-state colleges cost $12,310, and private nonprofit four-year institutions cost $14,030. The average cost of all of these is $12,065.
Does the term room and board include food?
Yes, in room and board, what does board mean? It’s confusing isn’t it? The “board” part of “room and board” includes the food you’ll prepay for at college, or more specifically, the meal plan your student will receive. There are many different types of meal plans available for students, so it’s in your best interest to do a lot of research and test out the different options at colleges and universities!
College is an exciting journey filled with opportunities for growth, learning and self-discovery. However, the financial aspect of higher education can often feel overwhelming. Understanding the ins and outs of college funding is crucial.
When asked, “What is the smartest way to pay for college?” Matt Mayerle, personal finance editor at CreditNinja, suggests, “The smartest approach is to plan early and explore all available financial aid options. Focus on scholarships and grants first since your child doesn’t need to repay them. Then consider federal student loans, as they offer lower interest rates and flexible repayment plans. Finally, create a realistic budget to manage your expenses and minimize the need for additional loans.”
This comprehensive guide will walk you through the various aspects of financing your child’s education, from scholarships and grants to loans and budgeting strategies. By the end, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge to make informed decisions about your child’s college finances.
The Importance of Early Planning
The path to college financial success begins long before your child sets foot on campus. Early planning can significantly impact their ability to fund their education and minimize debt. As soon as your child starts considering college, it’s time to think about how to pay for it.
Mayerle says, “Starting the financial planning process early gives students more options to explore scholarships, grants, and aid packages. It’s crucial to discuss college costs with your family and set realistic goals for minimizing debt.”
Start by having honest conversations with your child about college costs and expectations. Discuss what you as a parent can realistically contribute. Doing so will help you set realistic goals and narrow down your child’s college choices based on affordability.
Research potential schools early and look into their financial aid policies. Some colleges offer generous aid packages, while others may have limited resources. Understanding these differences can help you make more informed decisions when it comes time to apply.
Consider having your child take Advanced Placement (AP) or dual enrollment courses in high school. These can earn them college credits, potentially reducing the time and money they’ll need to spend on their degree.
Financial aid is a crucial component of college funding for many students. It comes in various forms, each with its own set of rules and benefits.
Grants and Scholarships
Grants and scholarships are often referred to as “gift aid” because they don’t need to be repaid. Grants are typically need-based, while scholarships can be awarded based on merit, specific talents, or other criteria.
Federal grants: Pell Grants are provided to students based on their financial need, as assessed through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Additionally, state grants may be accessible, varying by your state of residence and the school your child chooses to attend.
Scholarships: These can come from a wide variety of sources, including colleges themselves, private organizations, and local community groups. Don’t limit yourself to just the well-known national scholarships. Many local scholarships have less competition and can be easier to win.
Start the scholarship search early and apply for as many as your child qualifies for. Even small awards can add up and make a difference in their overall college costs.
Federal Student Loans
Federal student loans are often a necessary part of college financing for many students. These loans offer several advantages over private loans, including fixed interest rates, income-driven repayment plans, and potential loan forgiveness programs.
Direct Subsidized loans: Need-based loans that don’t accrue interest while they’re in school.
Direct Unsubsidized loans: Available to all students, regardless of financial need, but they do accrue interest from the time they’re disbursed.
Remember, while loans can help your child achieve their educational goals, they do need to be repaid. At College Money Tips, our goal is to guide your child through the college journey without loans.
Work-Study and Part-Time Jobs
Federal work-study is a program that provides part-time jobs for students with financial need. These jobs are often on campus and can provide valuable work experience while helping your child earn money for college expenses.
Even if your child doesn’t qualify for work-study, consider taking on a part-time job during college. This can help cover living expenses and reduce the amount they need to borrow. Just be sure to balance work with their studies to maintain good academic performance.
Balancing school and work can be challenging for students, but online jobs offer the flexibility needed to fit employment around a busy academic schedule. From virtual tutoring to freelance writing or managing social media accounts, students can gain valuable experience while earning extra income. To explore diverse opportunities, find online jobs on Jooble that align with your skills and availability. These roles can help ease the financial strain of college life while boosting your resume.
Navigating the FAFSA
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is a crucial step in accessing many forms of financial aid, including federal grants, loans, and work-study opportunities. Many states and colleges also use the FAFSA to determine eligibility for their aid programs.
Fill out the FAFSA as early as possible each year. The form usually becomes available on October 1 for the following academic year. Some aid is awarded on a first-come, first-served basis, so submitting early can increase your chances of receiving more aid.
Be prepared to provide detailed financial information about you and your child. This includes tax returns, bank statements and information about investments and assets.
Don’t rule yourself out from receiving financial aid. Even if you believe your family’s income is too high, it’s still beneficial to complete the FAFSA. You may be surprised by the aid your child can qualify for, and some institutions require the FAFSA for merit-based scholarships as well.
Understanding Your Financial Aid Award Letter
Once your child has been accepted to a college and submitted the FAFSA, they’ll receive a financial aid award letter. This document outlines the types and amounts of aid offered.
It’s important to carefully review and compare award letters from different schools. Look beyond the total aid amount and consider the types of aid offered. A package with more grants and scholarships is generally better than one with more loans.
Don’t be afraid to reach out to the financial aid office if you have questions or if your financial situation has changed since you submitted your FAFSA. They may be able to adjust your child’s aid package based on new information.
Private Student Loans
If, after exhausting all other options, you still need additional funding, private student loans can help fill the gap. These loans are offered by banks, credit unions and online lenders.
Private loans typically require a credit check and often have higher interest rates than federal loans. They also lack many of the benefits of federal loans, such as income-driven repayment plans and loan forgiveness options.
If you do need to take out private loans, shop around to find the best rates and terms. Your child may need a cosigner, or a creditworthy individual to cosign the loan, which could help your child qualify for better rates.
Mayerle advises, “When considering private loans, compare multiple lenders and carefully review interest rates and repayment terms. Remember, federal loans often have more favorable terms, so nly consider private loans after exploring all other financial aid options.”
Toward the middle of your college journey, you may find yourself needing to reassess your financial situation and explore additional funding options. This is where understanding various credit ranges becomes important, as they can affect your ability to secure private loans or other forms of credit if needed.
Budgeting and Money Management in College
Creating and sticking to a budget is a crucial skill for college students. It can help your child make the most of their financial aid and avoid unnecessary debt.
Start by listing all sources of income, including financial aid, part-time job earnings and any contribution from parents. Then, help your child list all expenses, both fixed (like tuition and rent) and variable expenses (like food and entertainment).
Identify opportunities to reduce expenses for best money management practice. For instance, purchasing used textbooks or renting them can save significant amounts each semester. Make sure to utilize student discounts and seek out free or low-cost activities on campus for entertainment.
Consider using budgeting apps to help track spending and stay on top of finances. Many of these apps are free and can provide valuable insights into your child’s spending habits.
Exploring Alternative Funding Options
While traditional financial aid and loans are the most common ways to fund a college education, there are several alternative options worth exploring. These methods can help reduce your overall costs or provide additional funds for your child’s education and get college paid for.
Income share agreements (ISAs): Some schools and private companies offer ISAs, where you receive funding for your child’s education in exchange for a percentage of future income for a set period after graduation. This can be an attractive option if you’re confident in your child’s future earning potential, but carefully review the terms before committing.
Crowdfunding: Platforms like GoFundMe allow you to create campaigns to raise money for your child’s education. While it may not cover all expenses, crowdfunding can be a way to engage your network and potentially receive contributions from family, friends and even strangers who support your child’s educational goals.
Employer tuition assistance: If your child plans to work while attending school, find out if your child can take advantage of tuition reimbursement programs. Many companies provide this benefit to encourage employees to further their education, which can be a significant help in managing college costs.
Military Benefits: If you’re a veteran or currently serving in the military, your child may be eligible for education benefits through programs like the GI Bill. These can cover a significant portion of your child’s education expenses.
Cooperative education programs: Some colleges offer co-op programs where your child will alternate between periods of full-time study and full-time paid work in their field. This can provide valuable work experience and help offset their education costs.
Remember, while these alternative options can be helpful, they should be considered alongside traditional funding methods. Always carefully evaluate the terms and potential long-term implications of any funding arrangement.
Saving Money on College Expenses
There are many ways to reduce college costs beyond just securing financial aid. Here are some strategies to consider:
Choose a college wisely: In-state public universities are often significantly cheaper than out-of-state or private schools. However, don’t rule out private colleges entirely, as they sometimes offer generous aid packages that can make them competitive with public schools.
Consider community college: Starting at a community college and then transferring to a four-year school can save your child thousands of dollars on tuition.
Look into accelerated degree programs: Some schools offer programs where your child can earn a degree in less time, reducing overall costs.
Take advantage of campus resources: Many colleges offer free tutoring, health services and other resources that can save you child money.
Be smart about housing: Living off-campus with roommates can often be cheaper than on-campus housing. If your child does live on campus, consider becoming a resident assistant (RA) to reduce or eliminate housing costs.
Building Credit Responsibly
While in college, it’s a good time to start building a positive credit history. Doing so can help your child in the future when they need to rent an apartment, buy a car or even refinance their student loans.
Consider getting a student credit card with a low limit. Use it for small, regular expenses that they can pay off in full each month. Encourage them to pay their bills on time, as payment history is the most important factor in their credit score.
Talk to your child about being cautious with credit, though. It’s easy to overspend when you’re not using cash. Only charge what they can afford to pay off each month to avoid high-interest debt.
If your child has taken out student loans, it’s never too early to start thinking about repayment. Understanding repayment options can help them make informed decisions and avoid default.
Federal student loans provide a range of repayment plans tailored to suit different financial needs. One option is income-driven repayment plans, which modify your monthly payments based on your income and family size. It’s important to investigate these plans to find the one that fits your child’s financial situation once they graduate.
Consider making interest payments on unsubsidized loans while your child is still in school. This can prevent their balance from growing due to accrued interest and make repayment easier after graduation.
Seeking Additional Resources and Support
Remember, you’re not alone in navigating the complex world of college financing. There are many resources available to help you and your child make informed decisions. If you need help, reach out to Melissa at College Money Tips. I email every week with more information about how to get a debt-free degree, and I also work with families one-on-one to support them through the process.
Your child’s high school guidance counselor can be a valuable resource for scholarship information and general college planning advice. Once in college, the financial aid office should be your go-to source for questions about aid and managing college costs.
Look for financial literacy programs offered by your school or local community organizations. These can provide valuable education on budgeting, credit management and other important financial skills.
Online resources like the Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid website offer a wealth of information on financial aid and loan repayment options.
Paying for College: You Can Do This!
Financing a college education is a significant challenge, but with careful planning, smart decision-making, and a good understanding of your options, it’s a challenge you can meet. Remember, the choices you make now about college financing can have long-lasting impacts on your financial future.
Start planning early, explore all your aid options, and don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Be proactive about managing your money while in school, and always keep your long-term financial health in mind.
By mastering the college money maze, you’re not just funding your education—you’re investing in your future. With the right approach, you can minimize debt, maximize your college experience, and set yourself up for financial success after graduation.
The meaning of financial aid isn’t always clear to all families. In fact, many people believe that financial aid will cover the cost of college, but that’s not the cost for all. In my years of admission, I’ve seen situations where financial aid covered the cost of college in full, and I’ve seen situations where the only thing offered to students is $5,500 in student loans.
However, as a whole, undergraduates and graduate students received $240.7 billion in 2022-23 from all grants, federal loans, federal education tax benefits and federal work-study. The average aid per full-time equivalent (FTE) student in 2022-23 was $15,480 per undergraduate student and $28,300 per graduate student, according to the College Board.
Financial aid can seem like the most daunting hump in the getting-your-kid-to-college process. But what is financial aid, anyway? What does it entail? Don’t worry, it’s normal to be confused.
Let’s compare financial aid to baking a cake. The ingredients — scholarships, grants, loans, work-study and out-of-pocket funds — are combined to create a finished product: Your child’s final financial aid award.
Hang in there! Let’s dive in and learn more.
What is Financial Aid?
Financial aid, which you may understand, is aid provided to help cover the cost of your child’s education. Scholarships are a part of financial aid.
Financial aid can include both money that needs to be repaid and money that doesn’t need to be repaid. Financial aid can come from various sources, including federal and state governments, colleges or universities, private organizations and banks. Financial aid helps make education more affordable by reducing out-of-pocket costs for students and their families. It’s a wonderful thing and one of the best ways to pay for college!
Types of Financial Aid
What are the different types of financial aid? Let’s take a look at the definition, eligibility and some popular types of financial aid.
Grants
Grants are money that your child does not need to repay. Eligibility for grants varies, but they are often need-based and might come from your state or the federal government.
Popular grants from the federal government include the Pell Grant and the FSEOG Grant.
Scholarships
Scholarships differ from grants because they are typically based on merit or other specific criteria. However, like grants, your child does not have to repay scholarships. Scholarships are not necessarily awarded based on need (but they might be).
Loans
Your child must repay loans with interest. There are two different types of loans: federal vs. private loans, and the terms, interest rates and repayment plans depend on the type of loans your child takes on.
Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans: The U.S. Department of Education (through the federal government) offers two kinds of Direct loans to students: Direct Subsidized loans, which are based on need. The government pays the interest on subsidized loans while your child is in school as long as they attend college at least part-time as well as after the first six months after they leave school. Direct Unsubsidized loans are not based on financial need, and interest accumulates right away on Direct Unsubsidized loans. Students can borrow anywhere from $5,500 and $12,500 in Subsidized or Unsubsidized loans depending on their year in school.
Direct PLUS loans: Parents, this one’s for you! Parents of undergraduate students can get Direct PLUS loans (also commonly called Parent PLUS loans) for students, but those pursuing a graduate degree can also get a PLUS loan. This is a federal loan that requires a credit check.
Private student loans:Private student loans come from private companies, like banks and credit unions. Private loans might have variable interest rates and cannot be consolidated with Direct loans. These loans (which are typically more expensive than federal student loans) include terms and conditions set by the lender. Private lenders want to see a credit score to qualify. Private loans may only come in a variable interest rate (instead of a fixed rate).
When deciding between federal and private student loans, learn as much as you can, and if your child can do so, avoid them. Learn about repayment fees, interest rates (such as variable or fixed), when repayment starts and the total cost of the loan, including interest. Learn about any interest rate reductions as well.
Work-study programs are federal programs. Money comes from the federal government and goes directly into your student’s wallet. Students must apply for a work-study job on campus, and jobs might include working in the cafeteria, admission office, academic office or more on campus. However, note that work-study programs are not automatic — students must proactively apply for a job and go to work in order to receive a paycheck.
Of the above options, grants and scholarships are free money. Work-study is not technically free money, because your child must put forth the effort to earn it. It also typically does not go directly toward tuition — most colleges and universities pay your child. They must put it toward tuition and fees themselves.
Who Qualifies for Financial Aid?
Anyone can qualify for financial aid, which is why it’s important to apply for it, even if you don’t think your child will “get anything.”
Factors that affect financial aid for students include financial and other general eligibility for financial aid requirements, including:
Financial need, including income
U.S. citizenship or eligible noncitizenship
Enrollment status
Special circumstances (such as for independent students and veterans)
Your student will eventually receive a financial aid award letter from all colleges they applied to. When the letter will arrive depends on the school.
This is the confusing part for many families, and rightfully so. Each school follows a unique process in terms of dates, deadlines, procedures and awards. They even follow a different process for how they display your child’s aid! Your child might receive a financial aid award letter from various schools at different times of the year.
The amount of aid offered can cover up to the full cost of attending college. It will be broken down into three categories: free money they don’t have to pay back, earned money (typically work-study) and borrowed money (either from federal or private student loans).
It’s important to understand every aspect of the various financial aid awards and how they’re packaged, because it might be different compared to other financial aid awards your child receives.
There are several steps your child can take to get need-based or merit-based aid.
1. Apply for admission.
Your child can’t get scholarships from colleges until he or she applies. What type of admission does each college have? Rolling admission? Early decision? Early action?
It’s important to know each admission type, ensure your child follows all directions and applies well ahead of the deadline. Applying incorrectly (or late) could also directly affect your child’s financial aid opportunities.
2. Ask colleges about scholarships.
All colleges post information about scholarships on their websites. To get a full understanding of what a school offers, it’s a good idea to make contact with the admission office at each school. Colleges and universities can’t post every single scholarship they offer on their websites. Those lists are long!
For example, an alumna could have donated a scholarship for red-headed students education majors who like to knit. (Okay, that could be an exaggeration.) But there are dozens of scholarships that you might not know about unless you take the time to turn over every single stone at a particular college.
You probably want your child to apply for every bit of scholarship money possible. That means doing some extensive research online, in your community and through your school counselor’s office. There’s no one way to piece together the scholarship opportunities available to your kiddo. You can search in the following places, according to the U.S. Department of Education:
The financial aid office at the colleges your child plans to attend
Your child’s school counselor
Scholarship search tools — but make sure they’re valid
State grant agencies
Library reference section
Foundations, religious or community organizations, local businesses, civic groups
Organizations related to field of interest
Ethnicity-based organizations
Your employer or your kids’ employers
Pro tip: Ask colleges whether they offer scholarship competitions. Many do, and it’s a great way to earn more scholarship money.
4. File the FAFSA and (if required) the CSS Profile.
It’s important to file the FAFSA even if you think your child won’t qualify for anything. If the college requires the CSS Profile, complete that as well.
Two of the best ways to receive financial aid include filing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), and if the schools your child is considering require it, the CSS Profile.
FAFSA Overview
The FAFSA is just like it sounds — a free application you file to determine whether your child can receive federal financial aid in the form of federal grants, loans and work-study. Colleges and universities also use the FAFSA to determine how much aid to award your child.
To complete the FAFSA form, all contributors (your student, you and your spouse if you are no longer married to your child’s other parent) must create a StudentAid.gov account using their FSA ID, ensuring their name and Social Security number match exactly. Once you gather necessary documents like tax returns and financial records, dependent students must include parent information, and you must accurately reflect marital or financial status changes. You and your child can sign and submit the form only after all contributors have completed their sections, with confirmation provided via email.
You can typically file the FAFSA on October 1, but recent lags in the new FAFSA simplification (which made the FAFSA shorter) have pushed out the FAFSA to December 1. You can still sign up for an account prior to December 1.
Should you file the FAFSA, even if you think your child won’t “get” any aid from it?
Yes! You must also file the FAFSA every academic year your child is in school or they won’t qualify for additional federal financial aid (including renewable aid they received the previous year). It’s usually easier to renew the FAFSA because the FAFSA stores your personal and demographic information.
CSS Profile Overview
The CSS Profile is also a free application, but it differs from the FAFSA. The CSS Profile is for institutional aid, not federal aid, and it asks more detailed questions, such as the net worth of small family businesses, home equity, medical expenses and more. It also asks you questions that do a deeper dive into your child’s income and assets.
You won’t pay anything for the CSS Profile if you make under $100,000 per year, if your child qualifies for an SAT waiver or if a student is an orphan or ward of the court under age 24. If you don’t qualify, submitting your CSS Profile to one college costs $25, and additional reports cost $16 each.
Not every school requires the CSS Profile, so check the list of participating institutions to learn more about whether the schools your child is interested in require the CSS Profile. The financial aid application process definitely lengthens when you file both the FAFSA and CSS Profile, but they can both help your child qualify for both federal and institutional aid.
5. Compare financial aid awards.
You’ve applied to several schools, filed the FAFSA, auditioned or interviewed for scholarships and attended scholarship events. Next, you’ll receive financial aid awards from schools. Sit down and compare them.
Be sure you do an apples-to-apples comparison. What does that mean? Let’s say you’re getting a $19,000 merit-based scholarship from College X and a $17,000 merit-based scholarship from College Y. That doesn’t mean that it’s necessarily cheaper to go to College Y.
What’s the full price for each? Figure that out, then subtract the amount of financial aid you’re awarded from each college to see which is cheaper.
Many families wonder if they’re doing “the right things” when they look into financial aid, so here are some of the most common financial aid mistakes to keep in mind:
Not applying early enough: Your child can start applying for financial aid early. In fact, it’s never too early to apply for scholarships! (My daughter received scholarships in fifth and sixth grade and I still look for opportunities all the time.)
Believing the FAFSA will cover everything: One of the most common FAFSA mistakes is thinking filing the FAFSA will take care of the full college bill. Filing the FAFSA does not mean it will cover all your child’s college bills. In some cases, the FAFSA will only offer federal loans. Don’t make the mistake of thinking that your ticket to financial aid involves filing the FAFSA, because it likely won’t take care of everything.
Not exploring all available aid options: Leave no stone unturned in your quest to look for available aid. This means creating a robust plan to look for scholarships, looking into merit-based scholarships and more.
Overlooking school-specific aid: Ensure you understand everything you need to do to apply for school-specific scholarships and other types of aid at each institution your child’s considering. For example, if a school offers a presidential scholarship, ensure your child knows how to apply for it if they qualify.
Learning how to avoid financial aid errors is one of the most beneficial things you can do for your student, and it can seem tricky because every school does things just a little differently.
Financial Aid Myths Debunked
You’ve heard the financial aid myths, like “only low-income students qualify for financial aid,” (ridiculous!) so let’s go over some of those. Steer clear of these dangerous ideas!
1. Only low-income students qualify for financial aid.
REALITY: Students of all income levels qualify for financial aid, whether it is merit-based, financial-based or other types of aid. Financial aid eligibility is based on various factors, not just income. Many families with higher incomes still qualify for aid due to their specific financial circumstances, especially due to the cost of attendance at different schools.
2. Only students with excellent grades get financial aid.
REALITY: While good grades can help with merit-based scholarships, financial aid is primarily need-based. Students from various academic backgrounds can qualify for grants, loans, and work-study programs.My family earns too much money, so I won’t qualify for financial aid.
3. Private colleges are always more expensive.
REALITY: While private schools often have higher sticker prices, they also tend to offer more generous financial aid packages. In some cases, attending a private school can be more affordable than a public university.
4. Applying for financial aid is a one-time process.
REALITY: You need to reapply for financial aid every year because financial situations can change.
5. Financial aid only comes in the form of loans.
REALITY: Financial aid can come in various forms, such as grants, scholarships, work-study and loans. Not all aid has to be repaid.
6. You should wait until you’re accepted to a college to apply for financial aid.
REALITY: It’s important to apply for financial aid as soon as possible. Most schools have deadlines, and aid is often distributed on a first-come, first-served basis.
7. Only U.S. citizens can receive financial aid.
REALITY: Many non-citizens, including permanent residents and eligible non-citizens, can qualify for financial aid. Some states and colleges also offer aid to undocumented students.
8. Scholarships are only for star athletes or high academic achievers.
REALITY: Scholarships are available for a wide range of criteria, including community service, hobbies, unique experiences or even being left-handed! Opportunities exist for so many different types of students!
9. Parent savings in a 529 plan will prevent financial aid eligibility.
REALITY: While savings in a 529 plan are considered in financial aid calculations, they have a relatively small impact compared to income. Most families are better off saving for college than relying solely on financial aid.
10. Financial aid packages are non-negotiable.
REALITY: In some cases, you can appeal a financial aid decision. If your family’s financial situation changes or if you receive a better offer from another school, you may be able to negotiate for more aid.
Maximize Your Child’s Financial Aid Opportunities
Understanding how this process works is the best way to establish as much control and your choices for financing college.
Most importantly, financial aid can come from a variety of sources: federal and state agencies, colleges, high schools, community organizations, foundations, corporations and more. Do everything you can to learn more about all your child’s opportunities and how it will help them in the future.
FAQs
What is financial aid and what does it do?
Financial aid can help your child tackle the costs of college. It comes in a wide variety of forms, and it’s truthfully like a puzzle you can put together to help pay for college. Whether it comes in the form of scholarships, grants or a small amount of loans, when put with the money that comes out of your pocket, it can make a huge difference in your child’s life.
Do you pay back financial aid?
Financial aid in the form of a loan must be paid back. You must repay federal loans after you graduate or stop attending school, with a grace period of six months after finishing school. Your child must also repay private student loans. Your child doesn’t need to repay other forms of financial aid, such as scholarships and grants.
Is all financial aid free money?
No, financial aid is not all free money. It includes loans, which your child must repay. For example, if your child receives federal student loans, they will have to repay them typically within six months after graduation.
Have you ever compared the tuition cost differences between in-state and out-of-state schools?
Did you gasp out loud when you saw out-of-state costs?
Yep, yep. It’s often thousands of dollars more expensive to go to an out-of-state university compared to an in-state university, and it’s because families don’t pay for these out-of-state institutions through their taxes, so their education costs are not subsidized and they receive higher costs.
It often makes students’ decisions easy. If your child’s comfortable with the idea of going to the flagship university in your state, he might think, “It’s cheaper, it’s close to home. Sign me right up.”
Should you migrate to your in-state university? Well, that depends! Don’t discount your neighboring states — and know a few things before you jump on the local state university bandwagon. Here’s what to know and how to get in-state tuition from out of state.
What is In-State Tuition?
In-state tuition refers to the lower cost of attending a public college or university for students who are residents of the state where the institution is located. This reduced rate is offered because public institutions receive state funding to help cover the cost of educating students who are from that state. To qualify, students usually need to meet specific residency requirements, such as living in the state for a certain period (typically 12 months) before enrollment, or having parents who are state residents.
In-state tuition is generally much more affordable than out-of-state tuition, which is the rate charged to students from outside the state. State governments subsidize In-state tuition, making it more affordable for residents.
What is Out-of-State Tuition?
Out-of-state tuition refers to the higher cost that students pay to attend a public college or university in a state other than the state where they have legal residency. This fee structure applies to students who do not qualify as residents of the state where the institution is located.
Out-of-state residents are considered non-residents and do not qualify for in-state rates. Out-of-state tuition might be two to three times more than in-state rates. This is because non-resident students do not contribute to the state’s tax revenue, which helps subsidize public universities. Some states have agreements, or exchange programs, that offer reduced out-of-state tuition rates to students from neighboring states.
Many students try to qualify for in-state rates or seek financial aid and scholarships to mitigate the costs, which we’ll discuss below.
How to Get In-State Tuition if You Live Out of State
Getting in-state tuition while living out of state can significantly reduce college costs. Here are several strategies your child can consider for how to get in-state tuition out of state.
Establish Residency
Establishing residency is one of the most straightforward ways to get in-state tuition. Residency requirements vary by state and university. Living in the state for a certain amount of time is one common way to establish residency.
Move to the state early: Many states require students to live in the state for at least 12 months before establishing residency. Your child can prove residency with an apartment lease, utility bills or vehicle registration form, for example.
Prove financial independence: Your child can show financial independence to prove they don’t rely on out-of-state parents for support, which can involve having a full-time job, filing state taxes and paying rent or a mortgage in the new state. Your child may need to show employer proof as above or show proof that he pays taxes in that state.
Driver’s license and voter registration: Encourage your child to obtain a state driver’s license, register their vehicle in the state and register to vote. They may also want to consider having other evidence to prove residency, such as utility bills in their name, employment records or state income tax returns.
Be aware of rules: Residency requirements vary by state, so you’ll need to review specific policies at your child’s college. Also ensure your child will meet the residency requirements well before any deadlines, typically at least a year before they intend to start classes.
Tuition Reciprocity Programs
Some states have agreements that allow students from neighboring states to attend school at reduced tuition rates (not always full in-state tuition, but lower than out-of-state rates). Many universities offer regional markets and reciprocity agreements, meaning colleges or universities offer students in different states in-state or reduced tuition for students who live in the same region.
Here are a few tuition reciprocity programs that might be open to your child, depending on where you live:
Western Undergraduate Exchange (WUE): WUE enables students from one of 16 Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) states and territories in the Western U.S. to enroll as nonresidents in 160+ participating public colleges and universities.
Midwest Student Exchange Program (MSEP): Applies to several Midwest states, including Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
New England Board of Higher Education (NEHBE) Tuition Break: Tuition Break covers New England states, providing savings for residents of the following six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont, and for colleges that participate.
Academic Common Market (ACM): For students in southern states pursuing programs not available in their home state, the ACM allows students in southern states to enroll in out-of-state public universities at in-state tuition rates if the program they are interested in is not offered by their home state. States include Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and others. Students must meet residency requirements in their home state and gain acceptance into the qualifying program at the partner institution.
Generally, the process involves checking your eligibility (such as state residency requirements and participating universities), majors eligible, GPA, application and other school requirements. Finally, you’ll apply directly to the school to let them know you’re applying using the tuition reciprocity program.
University-Specific Programs
Some universities offer their own discounted tuition or in-state tuition rates for out-of-state students with certain qualifications, such as meeting merit-based scholarship requirements, athletic scholarships or legacy programs (where alumni children qualify for in-state tuition).
Check into the options available to your child based on your own alumni status! It could be a huge relief to your family, though I will recognize that many students don’t prefer to attend where “mom and dad” went to school! (That’s another topic for a different day.)
Military Service
Many states offer in-state tuition rates to active-duty military members, veterans or their dependents, regardless of where they live. If you’re a military member, check into this.
Attend a Border State School
Some states offer what’s called border-state tuition for residents of neighboring states. For example, Minnesota and Wisconsin have a tuition reciprocity agreement, allowing residents to qualify for in-state rates at public universities across state lines.
Special Circumstances or Exceptions
Some states allow students to take advantage of waivers in certain situations or exceptions. For example, those who have immigrant or refugee status may take advantage of these options, and so might dependent children of state employees or those enrolled in specific majors that benefit your state. The best way to find out about these involves asking the schools your child may be interested in attending. Ask many questions!
Online Programs
Many schools offer online degree programs at in-state rates for all students, regardless of where they live. However, each school and state has specific residency requirements for tuition, so review them carefully. Also, ensure that this is the right option for your child — it’s not the right fit for everyone, particularly if you think your child would thrive at an in-person institution.
Institution-Specific Waivers
Certain colleges and universities might also provide tuition waivers or reduced rates based on specific requirements, such as academic merit. Schools might also have special agreements for students from particular counties or areas of your state.
Our college used to offer an out-of-state scholarship for students who attended an out-of-state college in an effort to boost our out-of-state numbers. Offers like that may be achievement-based or merit-based, depending on differing schools’ requirements. Your best bet is to ask questions if your student’s looking into an out-of-state institution. Email or call an admission counselor at that school for more information.
Undocumented Students
Some colleges and universities may offer in-state tuition to undocumented students. Check into institutions your child is considering if they accept DACA recipients or those in similar situations.
26% of states offer in-state tuition to undocumented students
24% offer in-state tuition if the student meets statutory requirements
22% require undocumented students to pay out-of-state tuition
4% require undocumented students to pay international student rates
In 11% of states, policies differ by institution, and another 11% of states have no statewide policy on tuition rates for undocumented students. Alabama does not allow undocumented student enrollment by state law.
Of public four-year institutions:
25% of states offer in-state tuition to undocumented students
27% offer in- state tuition if the student meets statutory requirements
25% require undocumented students to pay out-of-state tuition
In 10% of states, policies differ by institution, and 6% of states have no statewide policy on tuition rates. Arizona offers undocumented students regional tuition rates, Missouri requires undocumented students to pay international student rates. Alabama, again, does not allow students to enroll by state law.
Some states extend in-state tuition to dependents of state employees or public service workers, such as police officers or teachers, even if they don’t meet other residency criteria.
Native American and Tribal Agreements
Some states have agreements to offer in-state tuition to members of federally recognized Native American tribes, regardless of residency.
Are You Eligible for Reduced Rates?
There are several exceptions to standard in-state tuition rates that may allow students to qualify for reduced rates, even if they don’t meet the usual residency requirements. These exceptions
Financial Benefits of Securing In-State Tuition
One of the best ways to look at an example of an apples-to-apples comparison. Let’s look at out-of-state tuition vs. in-state tuition rates for an education major at Texas A&M University.
First, the out-of-state costs for an education major at Texas A&M University for one semester:
Total estimated cost of attendance with tuition and fees
$30,429
Now, compare that cost with in-state tuition for one semester:
Category
Cost estimate
Room and board
$6,504
Books and supplies
$552
Travel
$1,066
Loan fees
$30
Personal expenses
$1,657
Total estimated cost of attendance with tuition and fees
$15,584.35
You can save a lot of money by attending college in state, so consider all your options. Your child should have excellent reasons for attending an out-of-state institution, particularly if they won’t get great scholarships to attend.
Consider All Your Options
Note: Out-of-state and in-state designations generally do not apply to private colleges, as their tuition rates are typically uniform for all students regardless of residency.
In fact, I always smiled when someone asked, “What’s the out-of-state cost at your school?”
Why? Because I had great news for families. The cost wasn’t any different for out-of-state students because I worked at a liberal arts college.
Liberal arts colleges and private universities charge the same price no matter where you’re from, and here’s why: Unlike public colleges and universities, private institutions don’t get funding from state governments. Therefore, private colleges and universities charge one tuition rate for all students, whether your child resides in the same state as the institution is located or not.
For example, if a liberal arts college is in Florida but your child lives in Minnesota, you’ll pay the same price whether you live in Florida or Minnesota.
Email or call an admission counselor at each college your student’s considering. it’ll make you feel more prepared to make some decisions about the college search, or it’ll at least give you a start in the right direction!
FAQs
Check out a few frequently asked questions that might still be on your mind.
Will FAFSA cover out of state tuition?
Out-of-state students pay higher tuition and fees than in-state students. It’s difficult to predict whether you’ll ultimately pay more. Note that most out-of-state students will have a gap between the cost of tuition and fees and the amount of aid they’ll receive, so ensure you make the right decisions for your family so you’re not swamped by federal student loans or private student loans.
How do people afford to go to college out of state?
If your child really wants to attend a particular college out of state, reach out to the financial aid office to learn more about the full costs. Merit or need-based aid may cover some of the costs.
What are the cons of going to college out of state?
The largest disadvantage of attending an out-of-state college is that the costs are higher than in-state fees. However, some states offer discounts to students in several different ways, which we discuss in the article above.
Funding Strategies for 2025
